Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Tea-house Story, sentence 43
Sadly musing, he continued, “I had hoped to become an official, serve my country, and receive honour, but I see the life of a minister is a most dangerous one.
Who acts: Sadly musing, scholar, life · What happens: continue, hope, become, serve, receive, see · To what, where: official, country, honour, dangerous one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Tea-house Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sadly musing, scholar, life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sadly | sadly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 musing | amod |
| 2 | musing | musing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 continued | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 musing | punct |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 continued | nsubj |
| 5 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 hoped | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 hoped | punct |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 hoped | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 hoped | aux |
| 10 | hoped | hope | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 continued | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 become | mark |
| 12 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 hoped | xcomp |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 official | det |
| 14 | official | official | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 become | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 serve | punct |
| 16 | serve | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 continued | parataxis |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 country | nmod:poss |
| 18 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 serve | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 receive | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 receive | cc |
| 21 | receive | receive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 serve | conj |
| 22 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 receive | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 see | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 see | cc |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 see | nsubj |
| 26 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 continued | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 life | det |
| 28 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 one | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 minister | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 minister | det |
| 31 | minister | minister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 life | nmod |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 one | cop |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 one | det |
| 34 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 35 dangerous | advmod |
| 35 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 one | amod |
| 36 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 see | ccomp |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 continued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | continue | past | Sadly musing | musing nsubj | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | hope in a quote | past · perfect | scholar | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | become not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | scholar not said here | a official | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | serve in a quote | infinitive | my country | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | receive in a quote | infinitive | honour | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honour=Theme | |||||
| 6 | see in a quote | present | scholar | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | is a in a quote | present | the life of a minister | a dangerous one | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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