Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Tea-house Story, sentence 80
Chi Hsiao Tang looked tenderly at her for a moment and then, with a great sigh, which showed that he too suffered at the parting, replied, “What I have said I have said!
Who acts: Chi, great sigh, woman · What happens: look, show, suffer, reply, say · To what, where: parting · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Tea-house Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chi, great sigh, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chi | Chi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 looked | nsubj |
| 2 | Hsiao | Hsiao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Chi | flat |
| 3 | Tang | Tang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Chi | flat |
| 4 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | tenderly | tenderly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 looked | xcomp |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 her | case |
| 7 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 looked | obl |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 moment | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 moment | det |
| 10 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 looked | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 sigh | cc |
| 12 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 sigh | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sigh | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 sigh | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 sigh | det |
| 16 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 sigh | amod |
| 17 | sigh | sigh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 moment | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 showed | punct |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 showed | nsubj |
| 20 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 sigh | acl:relcl |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 suffered | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 suffered | nsubj |
| 23 | too | too | ADV | _ | 24 suffered | advmod |
| 24 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 showed | ccomp |
| 25 | at | at | ADP | _ | 27 parting | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 parting | det |
| 27 | parting | parting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 suffered | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 replied | punct |
| 29 | replied | reply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 parting | acl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 said | punct |
| 31 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 said | punct |
| 32 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 35 said | obj |
| 33 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 said | nsubj |
| 34 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 said | aux |
| 35 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 suffered | parataxis |
| 36 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 said | nsubj |
| 37 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 said | aux |
| 38 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 said | conj |
| 39 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | Chi | moment | at woman; tenderly property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at she=Theme | |||
| 2 | show | past | a great sigh | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | suffer | past | Chi | the parting | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | reply speech: assert | participle | the parting not said here | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert in a quote | present · perfect | woman | What obj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert in a quote | present · perfect | woman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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