Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Tea-house Story, sentence 84
“This,” said he to himself, “must have come from the gods, whether to help me to leave the earth or to keep me on it I will test and see.”
Who acts: This, me, I · What happens: say, come, help, leave, keep, test · To what, where: Buddha, me, earth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Tea-house Story. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, me, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 said | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 This | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 This | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 said | nsubj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 himself | case |
| 8 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 5 said | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 come | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 come | punct |
| 11 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 come | aux |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 come | aux |
| 13 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 said | parataxis |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 gods | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 gods | det |
| 16 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 come | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 help | punct |
| 18 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 20 help | mark |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 help | mark |
| 20 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 come | conj |
| 21 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 help | obj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 leave | mark |
| 23 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 help | xcomp |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 earth | det |
| 25 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 leave | obj |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 keep | cc |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 keep | mark |
| 28 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 leave | conj |
| 29 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 keep | obj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 it | case |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 keep | obl |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 test | nsubj |
| 33 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 test | aux |
| 34 | test | test | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 leave | conj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 see | cc |
| 36 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 34 test | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | This | Buddha | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | come in a quote | must · perfect | from the gods | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from god=Initial_Location | |||||
| 3 | help in a quote | to-infinitive | me | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | leave in a quote | to-infinitive | me not said here | the earth | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Theme | ||||
| 5 | keep in a quote | to-infinitive | me not said here | me | earth | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent i=Theme on it=Location | |||
| 6 | test in a quote | future | I | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | see in a quote | infinitive | I not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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