Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Chinese Heroism, sentence 5
Only those who held the outposts can know what bravery it required during some of those awful night attacks.
Who acts: outposts, bravery · What happens: hold, know, require · To what, where: those, some · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Chinese Heroism. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (outposts, bravery), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 2 those | advmod |
| 2 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 held | obl |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 held | nsubj |
| 4 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 outposts | det |
| 6 | outposts | outpost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 know | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 know | aux |
| 8 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 held | ccomp |
| 9 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 12 required | obj |
| 10 | bravery | bravery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 required | nsubj |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 required | nsubj |
| 12 | required | require | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 know | ccomp |
| 13 | during | during | ADP | _ | 14 some | case |
| 14 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 required | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 attacks | case |
| 16 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 19 attacks | det |
| 17 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 attacks | amod |
| 18 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 attacks | compound |
| 19 | attacks | attack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 some | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | past | those | who nsubj | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | know | can | the outposts | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | require | past | bravery | some of that awful night attacks | what obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/12/5/