Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Literary Glory, sentence 22
I have had to work very hard from early morning till late at night.
Who acts: I · What happens: have, work · To what, where: early morning till
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Literary Glory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 had | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | aux |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 work | mark |
| 5 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 hard | advmod |
| 7 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 work | advmod |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 till | case |
| 9 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 till | amod |
| 10 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 till | compound |
| 11 | till | till | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 work | obl |
| 12 | late | late | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 till | advmod |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 night | case |
| 14 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 work | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present · perfect | I | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | work | to-infinitive | I not said here | early morning till | night | hard property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/13/22/