Gleanings from Chinese folklore, How the Dog and Cat Came to Be Enemies, sentence 15
The old lady looked at the gold ornament in her hand, thought of what had been said to her, and wondered if she was asleep and it was all a dream.
Who acts: old lady, lady, hand · What happens: look, think, say, wonder, be · To what, where: hand, lady, dream · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, How the Dog and Cat Came to Be Enemies. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old lady, lady, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lady | det |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 lady | amod |
| 3 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 looked | nsubj |
| 4 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 ornament | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ornament | det |
| 7 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ornament | compound |
| 8 | ornament | ornament | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 looked | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 hand | case |
| 10 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 hand | nmod:poss |
| 11 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ornament | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 thought | punct |
| 13 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 hand | acl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 what | case |
| 15 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 said | obj |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 said | aux:pass |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 thought | ccomp |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 her | case |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 said | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 wondered | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 wondered | cc |
| 23 | wondered | wonder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 looked | parataxis |
| 24 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 27 asleep | mark |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 asleep | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 asleep | cop |
| 27 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 wondered | ccomp |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 dream | cc |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 dream | nsubj |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 dream | cop |
| 31 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 dream | det:predet |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 dream | det |
| 33 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 wondered | conj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | the old lady | at the gold ornament in lady's hand | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at ornament=Theme | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | participle | lady's hand not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past · perfect · passive | lady | what obj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: what=Topic to she=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | wonder speech: ask | past | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | lady | asleep property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is a | past | hand | all dream | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/14/15/