Gleanings from Chinese folklore, How the Dog and Cat Came to Be Enemies, sentence 74
Looking around she saw a big frog who looked very friendly, and to her she told all her troubles and said, “I know you like to do good deeds of mercy, so please help me.”
Who acts: cat, big frog, you · What happens: look around, see, look, tell, say, know · To what, where: big frog, troubles, cat, good deeds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, How the Dog and Cat Came to Be Enemies. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cat, big frog, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 saw | advcl |
| 2 | around | around | ADP | _ | 1 Looking | obl |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 frog | det |
| 6 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 frog | amod |
| 7 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obj |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 looked | nsubj |
| 9 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 frog | acl:relcl |
| 10 | very | very | ADV | _ | 11 friendly | advmod |
| 11 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 looked | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 told | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 told | cc |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 her | case |
| 15 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 told | obl |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 told | nsubj |
| 17 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | parataxis |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 troubles | det:predet |
| 19 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 troubles | nmod:poss |
| 20 | troubles | trouble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 told | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 told | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 know | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 know | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 know | nsubj |
| 26 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 said | ccomp |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 like | nsubj |
| 28 | like | like | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 know | ccomp |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 do | mark |
| 30 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 like | xcomp |
| 31 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 deeds | amod |
| 32 | deeds | deed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 do | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 mercy | case |
| 34 | mercy | mercy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 deeds | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 help | punct |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 38 help | advmod |
| 37 | please | please | INTJ | _ | 38 help | discourse |
| 38 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 39 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 help | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 38 help | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 help | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look around | gerund | cat not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | see | past | cat | a big frog | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | look | past | a big frog | friendly property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | past | cat | cat's troubles | cat | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent trouble=Topic to she=Recipient | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | cat not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | know in a quote | present | cat | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | like in a quote | present | you | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 8 | do not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | good deeds of mercy | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deed=Eventuality | ||||
| 9 | help in a quote | infinitive | cat | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary | |||||
| 10 | trouble | cat | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/14/74/