Gleanings from Chinese folklore, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics, sentence 63
Then Sun Hou called some of the Heavenly Soldiers to his aid, and they went with him and found his companions in a cave, but alas! the men could not swim.
Who acts: Sun, Soldiers, alas · What happens: call, go, find, not swim · To what, where: some, aid, companions, cave · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun, Soldiers, alas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 called | advmod |
| 2 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 called | nsubj |
| 3 | Hou | Hou | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Sun | flat |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 called | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Soldiers | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Soldiers | det |
| 8 | Heavenly | heavenly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Soldiers | amod |
| 9 | Soldiers | Soldier | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 some | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 aid | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 aid | nmod:poss |
| 12 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 went | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 went | cc |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 went | nsubj |
| 16 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 called | parataxis |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 went | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 found | cc |
| 20 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 went | conj |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 companions | nmod:poss |
| 22 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 found | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 cave | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cave | det |
| 25 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 found | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 swim | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 swim | cc |
| 28 | alas | ala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 swim | nsubj |
| 29 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 28 alas | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 men | det |
| 31 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 swim | nsubj |
| 32 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 swim | aux |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 swim | advmod |
| 34 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 called | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | past | Sun | some of the Heavenly Soldiers | Sun's aid | then | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent some=Topic to aid=Recipient | ||
| 2 | go | past | Soldiers = soldier | with Sun | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with he=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | find | past | Soldiers = soldier not said here | Sun's companions | a cave | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent companion=Topic | |||
| 4 | not swim | could | alas | the men nsubj | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/16/63/