Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 1, sentence 38
Some of his companions did not want to, but he insisted and, owing to this delay and the ashes in his eyes, they did not overtake the chair till just as it entered the gate of the ladies’ home.
Who acts: companions, Nien, chair · What happens: not want, insist, owe, not overtake, enter · To what, where: delay, chair, gate
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (companions, Nien, chair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 companions | det |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 companions | case |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 companions | nmod:poss |
| 4 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 want | nsubj |
| 5 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 want | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 want | advmod |
| 7 | want | want | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 want | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 insisted | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 insisted | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 insisted | nsubj |
| 12 | insisted | insist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 want | parataxis |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 owing | cc |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 owing | punct |
| 15 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 insisted | conj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 delay | case |
| 17 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 delay | det |
| 18 | delay | delay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 owing | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 ashes | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 ashes | det |
| 21 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 delay | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 eyes | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 24 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 delay | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 overtake | punct |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 overtake | nsubj |
| 27 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 overtake | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 overtake | advmod |
| 29 | overtake | overtake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 want | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 chair | det |
| 31 | chair | chair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 overtake | obj |
| 32 | till | till | ADV | _ | 29 overtake | advmod |
| 33 | just | just | ADV | _ | 36 entered | advmod |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 entered | mark |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 entered | nsubj |
| 36 | entered | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 overtake | advcl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 gate | det |
| 38 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 entered | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 home | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 ladies | det |
| 41 | ladies | lady | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 home | nmod:poss |
| 42 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 41 ladies | case |
| 43 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 gate | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 want | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not want | past · do-support | Nien's companions | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 2 | insist speech: other | past | Nien | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | owe | gerund | Nien not said here | to this delay in Nien's eyes and the ashes goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to delay=Goal | ||||
| 4 | not overtake | past · do-support | companions = companion | the chair | till property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | enter | past | chair | the gate of the ladies's home | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gate=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/17/38/