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Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 1, sentence 47

Mr. Kao inquired who his master was, and when he learned it was the steward of the great Yen Sung, who was almost as powerful as the Emperor, and at whose word a man was made an official or deposed, he was greatly troubled, but he did not dare refuse.

Who acts: Kao, master, acquaintance, steward, word · What happens: inquire, be, learn, make, depose, not dare · To what, where: word, steward, man, refuse · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kao, master, acquaintance, steward), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nmod:descnsubjccompnmod:possnsubjcoppunctccadvmodnsubjconjnsubjcopdetccompcasedetamodnmodflatpunctnsubjcopadvmodadvmodconjcasedetoblpunctcccasenmod:possobldetnsubj:passaux:passacl:relcldetxcompccconjpunctnsubjcopadvmodconjpunctccnsubjauxadvmodparataxisobjpunctrootMr.PROPNKaoPROPNinquiredVERBwhoPRONhisPRONmasterNOUNwasAUX,PUNCTandCCONJwhenADVhePRONlearnedVERBitPRONwasAUXtheDETstewardNOUNofADPtheDETgreatADJYenPROPNSungPROPN,PUNCTwhoPRONwasAUXalmostADVasADVpowerfulADJasADPtheDETEmperorPROPN,PUNCTandCCONJatADPwhosePRONwordNOUNaDETmanNOUNwasAUXmadeVERBanDETofficialADJorCCONJdeposedVERB,PUNCThePRONwasAUXgreatlyADVtroubledADJ,PUNCTbutCCONJhePRONdidAUXnotPARTdareVERBrefuseNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1Mr.Mr.PROPNNumber=Sing2 Kaonmod:desc
2KaoKaoPROPNNumber=Sing3 inquirednsubj
3inquiredinquireVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4whowhoPRONPronType=Int3 inquiredccomp
5hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs6 masternmod:poss
6mastermasterNOUNNumber=Sing4 whonsubj
7wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 whocop
8,,PUNCT_12 learnedpunct
9andandCCONJ_12 learnedcc
10whenwhenADVPronType=Int12 learnedadvmod
11hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs12 learnednsubj
12learnedlearnVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 inquiredconj
13ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs16 stewardnsubj
14wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin16 stewardcop
15thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art16 stewarddet
16stewardstewardNOUNNumber=Sing12 learnedccomp
17ofofADP_20 Yencase
18thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 Yendet
19greatgreatADJDegree=Pos20 Yenamod
20YenYenPROPNNumber=Sing16 stewardnmod
21SungSungPROPNNumber=Sing20 Yenflat
22,,PUNCT_27 powerfulpunct
23whowhoPRONPronType=Rel27 powerfulnsubj
24wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin27 powerfulcop
25almostalmostADV_27 powerfuladvmod
26asasADV_27 powerfuladvmod
27powerfulpowerfulADJDegree=Pos16 stewardconj
28asasADP_30 Emperorcase
29thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art30 Emperordet
30EmperorEmperorPROPNNumber=Sing27 powerfulobl
31,,PUNCT_35 wordpunct
32andandCCONJ_35 wordcc
33atatADP_35 wordcase
34whosewhosePRONPoss=Yes PronType=Rel35 wordnmod:poss
35wordwordNOUNNumber=Sing3 inquiredobl
36aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art37 mandet
37manmanNOUNNumber=Sing39 madensubj:pass
38wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin39 madeaux:pass
39mademakeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass35 wordacl:relcl
40anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art41 officialdet
41officialofficialADJDegree=Pos39 madexcomp
42ororCCONJ_43 deposedcc
43deposeddeposeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass41 officialconj
44,,PUNCT_48 troubledpunct
45hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs48 troublednsubj
46wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin48 troubledcop
47greatlygreatlyADV_48 troubledadvmod
48troubledtroubledADJDegree=Pos41 officialconj
49,,PUNCT_54 darepunct
50butbutCCONJ_54 darecc
51hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs54 darensubj
52diddoAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin54 dareaux
53notnotPARTPolarity=Neg54 dareadvmod
54daredareVERBVerbForm=Inf48 troubledparataxis
55refuserefuseNOUNNumber=Sing54 dareobj
56..PUNCT_3 inquiredpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1inquire speech: otherpastKao Mr.wordvn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2is apastKao's mastertree rules
3learnpastmastervn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4is apastacquaintancethe stewardof the great Yentree rules
5ispastthe stewardas the Emperor; almost, powerful propertytree rules
6makepast · passiveword not said herea manofficial propertyvn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
7deposeparticipleword not said herevn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8ispastmastergreatly, troubled propertytree rules
9not darepast · do-supportmasterrefusevn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuse=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/17/47/