Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 1, sentence 47
Mr. Kao inquired who his master was, and when he learned it was the steward of the great Yen Sung, who was almost as powerful as the Emperor, and at whose word a man was made an official or deposed, he was greatly troubled, but he did not dare refuse.
Who acts: Kao, master, acquaintance, steward, word · What happens: inquire, be, learn, make, depose, not dare · To what, where: word, steward, man, refuse · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kao, master, acquaintance, steward), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mr. | Mr. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Kao | nmod:desc |
| 2 | Kao | Kao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 inquired | nsubj |
| 3 | inquired | inquire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 inquired | ccomp |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 master | nmod:poss |
| 6 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 who | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 who | cop |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 learned | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 learned | cc |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 learned | advmod |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 learned | nsubj |
| 12 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 inquired | conj |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 steward | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 steward | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 steward | det |
| 16 | steward | steward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 learned | ccomp |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Yen | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Yen | det |
| 19 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Yen | amod |
| 20 | Yen | Yen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 steward | nmod |
| 21 | Sung | Sung | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Yen | flat |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 powerful | punct |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 powerful | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 powerful | cop |
| 25 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 27 powerful | advmod |
| 26 | as | as | ADV | _ | 27 powerful | advmod |
| 27 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 steward | conj |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 Emperor | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Emperor | det |
| 30 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 powerful | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 word | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 word | cc |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 word | case |
| 34 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 35 word | nmod:poss |
| 35 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 inquired | obl |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 man | det |
| 37 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 made | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 made | aux:pass |
| 39 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 word | acl:relcl |
| 40 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 official | det |
| 41 | official | official | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 made | xcomp |
| 42 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 43 deposed | cc |
| 43 | deposed | depose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 official | conj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 troubled | punct |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 troubled | nsubj |
| 46 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 troubled | cop |
| 47 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 48 troubled | advmod |
| 48 | troubled | troubled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 official | conj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 dare | punct |
| 50 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 54 dare | cc |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 dare | nsubj |
| 52 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 dare | aux |
| 53 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 54 dare | advmod |
| 54 | dare | dare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 troubled | parataxis |
| 55 | refuse | refuse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 dare | obj |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 inquired | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inquire speech: other | past | Kao Mr. | word | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | Kao's master | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | learn | past | master | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | acquaintance | the steward | of the great Yen | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is | past | the steward | as the Emperor; almost, powerful property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | past · passive | word not said here | a man | official property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||
| 7 | depose | participle | word not said here | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | is | past | master | greatly, troubled property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | not dare | past · do-support | master | refuse | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuse=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/17/47/