Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 2, sentence 38
His shall also be my grave,” and rising, she gathered her skirt about her head preparatory to jumping in, when Ting Lang rushed out from his hiding-place and, grasping her, shouted:
Who acts: grave, Ting · What happens: be, rise, gather, jump in, rush out, grasp · To what, where: grave, skirt, hiding place
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grave, Ting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 grave | nmod:poss |
| 2 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 grave | aux |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 6 grave | advmod |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 grave | cop |
| 5 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 grave | nmod:poss |
| 6 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gathered | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 grave | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 grave | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 rising | cc |
| 10 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 grave | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 gathered | punct |
| 12 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 gathered | nsubj |
| 13 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 skirt | nmod:poss |
| 15 | skirt | skirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gathered | obj |
| 16 | about | about | ADP | _ | 19 preparatory | case |
| 17 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 preparatory | nmod:poss |
| 18 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 preparatory | compound |
| 19 | preparatory | preparatory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gathered | obl |
| 20 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 21 jumping | mark |
| 21 | jumping | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 preparatory | acl |
| 22 | in | in | ADV | _ | 21 jumping | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 rushed | punct |
| 24 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 rushed | advmod |
| 25 | Ting | Ting | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 rushed | nsubj |
| 26 | Lang | Lang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Ting | flat |
| 27 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 gathered | parataxis |
| 28 | out | out | ADP | _ | 27 rushed | compound:prt |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 place | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 place | nmod:poss |
| 31 | hiding | hiding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 place | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 hiding | punct |
| 33 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 rushed | obl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 grasping | cc |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 grasping | punct |
| 36 | grasping | grasp | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 rushed | conj |
| 37 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 grasping | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 shouted | punct |
| 39 | shouted | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 gathered | conj |
| 40 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 39 shouted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | shall | boy's grave | boy nmod:poss; my nmod:poss | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rise in a quote | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | gather in a quote | past | boy's grave | grave's skirt | about grave's head preparatory | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skirt=Theme | |||
| 4 | jump in in a quote | gerund | boy's grave not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | rush out in a quote | past | Ting | boy's hiding place | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from place=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | grasp in a quote | gerund | Ting not said here | grave | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | shout speech: express in a quote | past | boy's grave not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/18/38/