Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 2, sentence 5
With one hand covering the poor wounded eye, the two women watched the cart until it was lost in a bend of the road, and the servant said, “My great lady, return to your home.
Who acts: one hand, two women, servant, great lady · What happens: cover, watch, lose, say, return · To what, where: poor wounded eye, cart, bend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one hand, two women, servant, great lady), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 3 hand | case |
| 2 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 hand | nummod |
| 3 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 watched | obl |
| 4 | covering | cover | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 hand | acl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 eye | det |
| 6 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 eye | amod |
| 7 | wounded | wounded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 eye | amod |
| 8 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 covering | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 hand | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 women | det |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 women | nummod |
| 12 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 watched | nsubj |
| 13 | watched | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cart | det |
| 15 | cart | cart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 watched | obj |
| 16 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 19 lost | mark |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 lost | aux:pass |
| 19 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 watched | advcl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 bend | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 bend | det |
| 22 | bend | bend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 lost | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 road | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 road | det |
| 25 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bend | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 said | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 said | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 servant | det |
| 29 | servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 said | nsubj |
| 30 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 watched | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 return | punct |
| 32 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 return | punct |
| 33 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 lady | nmod:poss |
| 34 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 lady | amod |
| 35 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 return | nsubj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 lady | punct |
| 37 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 said | ccomp |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 home | case |
| 39 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 home | nmod:poss |
| 40 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 return | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 watched | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | gerund | one hand not said here | the poor wounded eye | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Destination | ||||
| 2 | watch | past | the two women | the cart | with one hand | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Theme | |||
| 3 | lose | past · passive | cart | a bend of the road | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the servant | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | return in a quote | infinitive | My great lady | to your home result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to home=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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