Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 101
It was opened and they came in, saying, “For the first time we have heard what sounded like a quarrel, and have come to see what it is about.”
Who acts: crying, we, Meantime · What happens: open, come in, say, hear, sound, come · To what, where: Meantime · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crying, we, Meantime), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 opened | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 opened | aux:pass |
| 3 | opened | open | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 came | cc |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 came | nsubj |
| 6 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 opened | conj |
| 7 | in | in | ADV | _ | 6 came | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 saying | punct |
| 9 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 came | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 heard | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 heard | punct |
| 12 | For | for | ADP | _ | 15 time | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 time | det |
| 14 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 15 time | amod |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 heard | obl |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 heard | nsubj |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 heard | aux |
| 18 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 saying | ccomp |
| 19 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 20 sounded | nsubj |
| 20 | sounded | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 heard | ccomp |
| 21 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 quarrel | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 quarrel | det |
| 23 | quarrel | quarrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sounded | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 come | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 come | cc |
| 26 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 come | aux |
| 27 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 opened | parataxis |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 see | mark |
| 29 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 come | advcl |
| 30 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 about | obl |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 about | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 about | cop |
| 33 | about | about | ADV | _ | 29 see | advmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 opened | punct |
| 35 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past · passive | Meantime | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | come in | past | crying | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | crying not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | hear in a quote | present · perfect | we | time | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | sound in a quote | past | like a quarrel; what nsubj | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | come in a quote | present · perfect | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | see in a quote | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 8 | is in a quote | present | Meantime | what obl; about property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/19/101/