Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 115
As he closed the old gentleman looked at Ting Lang and said:
Who acts: Heaven, old gentleman · What happens: close, look, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heaven, old gentleman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 closed | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 closed | nsubj |
| 3 | closed | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 said | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 gentleman | det |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 gentleman | amod |
| 6 | gentleman | gentleman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 looked | nsubj |
| 7 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 closed | ccomp |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 Ting | case |
| 9 | Ting | Ting | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 looked | obl |
| 10 | Lang | Lang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Ting | flat |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | close | past | Heaven | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | look | past | the old gentleman | at Ting | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at ting=Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/19/115/