Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 129
Hu Yüch Ying wrote a beautiful letter of invitation to her, telling of the home that awaited her, of herself, the little sister who would care for her, of two sons instead of one, who longed for her instruction and help.
Who acts: Hu, home, little sister, two sons, mother · What happens: write, tell, await, care, long, letter · To what, where: beautiful letter, mother, little sister, two sons, invitation · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hu, home, little sister, two sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hu | Hu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 wrote | nsubj |
| 2 | Yüch | Yüch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Hu | flat |
| 3 | Ying | Ying | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Hu | flat |
| 4 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 letter | det |
| 6 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 letter | amod |
| 7 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wrote | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 invitation | case |
| 9 | invitation | invitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 letter | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 her | case |
| 11 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 wrote | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 telling | punct |
| 13 | telling | tell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 wrote | advcl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 home | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 home | det |
| 16 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 telling | obl |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 awaited | nsubj |
| 18 | awaited | await | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 home | acl:relcl |
| 19 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 awaited | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 herself | punct |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 herself | case |
| 22 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 13 telling | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 sister | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 sister | det |
| 25 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 sister | amod |
| 26 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 telling | obl |
| 27 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 care | nsubj |
| 28 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 care | aux |
| 29 | care | care | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 sister | acl:relcl |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 her | case |
| 31 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 care | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 sons | punct |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 sons | case |
| 34 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 sons | nummod |
| 35 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 telling | obj |
| 36 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 38 one | case |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 instead | fixed |
| 38 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 sons | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 longed | punct |
| 40 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 longed | nsubj |
| 41 | longed | long | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 sons | parataxis |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 instruction | case |
| 43 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 instruction | nmod:poss |
| 44 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 longed | obl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 help | cc |
| 46 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 instruction | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 wrote | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | Hu | a beautiful letter of invitation | mother | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to she=Recipient | |||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | gerund | Hu not said here | the little sister | two sons | of the home; of mother | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent son=Recipient | ||
| 3 | await | past | the home | mother | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | care | would | the little sister | for mother | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for she=Theme | ||||
| 5 | long | past | two sons | for mother's instruction and help | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for instruction=Theme | ||||
| 6 | letter | invitation | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | instruct | mother | nom instruction «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/19/129/