Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 48

When the boy heard this he was frightened and said, “Alas! alas! what have I done!”

Who acts: boy, I · What happens: hear, frighten, say, do · To what, where: this, boy · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	4 heard	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 boy	det
3	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heard	nsubj
4	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 done	advcl
5	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 heard	obj
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 frightened	nsubj:pass
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 frightened	aux:pass
8	frightened	frighten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 heard	parataxis
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 said	cc
10	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 frightened	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 Alas	punct
12	“	"	PUNCT	_	13 Alas	punct
13	Alas	alas	INTJ	_	15 alas	discourse
14	!	!	PUNCT	_	13 Alas	punct
15	alas	ala	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 said	ccomp
16	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 heard	punct
17	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	20 done	obj
18	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 done	aux
19	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 done	nsubj
20	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
21	!	!	PUNCT	_	20 done	punct
22	”	"	PUNCT	_	20 done	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	hear	past	the boy	this		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus
2	frighten	past · passive		boy		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
3	say speech: express	past			alas ccomp	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	do in a quote	present · perfect	I		what obj	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/19/48/

🌲 Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 48

The tree

Pragmatics

Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 48