Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 3, sentence 57
As she raised him up she said, “You have indeed suffered; you are the best and bravest boy I ever heard of; you shall never leave us.”
Who acts: mother, You · What happens: raise up, say, suffer, be, hear, not leave · To what, where: Ting, bravest boy, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 raised | mark |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 raised | nsubj |
| 3 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | advcl |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 raised | obj |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 raised | compound:prt |
| 6 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 suffered | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 suffered | punct |
| 10 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 suffered | nsubj |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 suffered | aux |
| 12 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 13 suffered | advmod |
| 13 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 said | ccomp |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 best | punct |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 best | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 best | cop |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 best | det |
| 18 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 said | ccomp |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 boy | cc |
| 20 | bravest | brave | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 21 boy | amod |
| 21 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 best | conj |
| 22 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 heard | nsubj |
| 23 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 24 heard | advmod |
| 24 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 boy | acl:relcl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 heard | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 leave | punct |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 30 leave | nsubj |
| 28 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 leave | aux |
| 29 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 30 leave | advmod |
| 30 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 said | ccomp |
| 31 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 leave | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 leave | punct |
| 33 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 leave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise up | past | mother | Ting | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | mother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | suffer in a quote | present · perfect | You | indeed property | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | you | bravest boy conj; good property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | hear in a quote | past | mother | bravest boy not said here | ever | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer boy=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | not leave in a quote | shall | you | us | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/19/57/