Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 4, sentence 132
As the sages truly say, “The son, though he goes thousands of miles from home, never leaves his mother’s heart; the son, though separated from his mother years, never forgets her, but carries her in his heart.”
Who acts: son · What happens: say, go, not leave, separate, not forget, carry · To what, where: thousands, home, heart, sage · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | ADP | _ | 3 sages | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 sages | det |
| 3 | sages | sage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 say | obl |
| 4 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 5 say | advmod |
| 5 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 son | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 son | punct |
| 8 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 son | det |
| 9 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 say | ccomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 goes | punct |
| 11 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 13 goes | mark |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 goes | nsubj |
| 13 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 say | parataxis |
| 14 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 goes | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 miles | case |
| 16 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 thousands | nmod |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 home | case |
| 18 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 goes | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 leaves | punct |
| 20 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 21 leaves | advmod |
| 21 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 goes | conj |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 mother | nmod:poss |
| 23 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 heart | nmod:poss |
| 24 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 23 mother | case |
| 25 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 leaves | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 son | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 son | det |
| 28 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 say | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 separated | punct |
| 30 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 31 separated | mark |
| 31 | separated | separate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 say | parataxis |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 years | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 years | nmod:poss |
| 34 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 years | compound |
| 35 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 separated | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 forgets | punct |
| 37 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 38 forgets | advmod |
| 38 | forgets | forget | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 separated | conj |
| 39 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 forgets | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 carries | punct |
| 41 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 42 carries | cc |
| 42 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 forgets | conj |
| 43 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 carries | obj |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 heart | case |
| 45 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 heart | nmod:poss |
| 46 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 carries | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 31 separated | punct |
| 48 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 separated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | as the sages; the son ccomp; truly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | go in a quote | present | son | thousands of miles | home | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not leave in a quote | present | son not said here | son's mother's heart | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme | ||||
| 4 | separate in a quote | participle | year | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | not forget in a quote | present | sage | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | carry in a quote | present | sage | son's heart | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent she=Value in heart=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/20/132/