Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 4, sentence 54
Year by year his power had grown until the Emperor was almost a figurehead and hated him, yet no one dared to impeach him.
Who acts: Emperor, one · What happens: grow, be, hate, dare, impeach · To what, where: power, figurehead, enemy
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emperor, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grown | obl:unmarked |
| 2 | by | by | ADP | _ | 3 year | case |
| 3 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Year | nmod |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 power | nmod:poss |
| 5 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grown | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 grown | aux |
| 7 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 14 figurehead | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Emperor | det |
| 10 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 figurehead | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 figurehead | cop |
| 12 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 14 figurehead | advmod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 figurehead | det |
| 14 | figurehead | figurehead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grown | xcomp |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 hated | cc |
| 16 | hated | hate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 grown | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 hated | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dared | punct |
| 19 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 22 dared | cc |
| 20 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 21 one | det |
| 21 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dared | nsubj |
| 22 | dared | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 hated | conj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 impeach | mark |
| 24 | impeach | impeach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 dared | xcomp |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 impeach | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 grown | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past · perfect · passive | enemy's power | year | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the Emperor | a figurehead | almost property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | hate | past | enemy | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | dare | past | no one | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | impeach | to-infinitive | no one not said here | enemy | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/20/54/