Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 4, sentence 80
“Great Emperor,” said he, “I have been beaten by the students, and without cause.
Who acts: Great Emperor, students · What happens: say, beat · To what, where: Great Emperor · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great Emperor, students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
| 2 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Emperor | amod |
| 3 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 said | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Emperor | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Emperor | punct |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 beaten | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 beaten | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 beaten | nsubj |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 beaten | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 beaten | aux:pass |
| 13 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 said | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 students | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 students | det |
| 16 | students | student | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 beaten | obl:agent |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 cause | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 cause | cc |
| 19 | without | without | ADP | _ | 20 cause | case |
| 20 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 students | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Great Emperor | Emperor nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | beat in a quote | present · perfect · passive | the students and cause | Great Emperor = emperor | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/20/80/