Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Nellie N. Russell, sentence 105
Perhaps she had been off for a long drive over bad roads during the day, had spoken to a restless crowd in a court, or by the roadside to a group of women gathered on the river bank, each with her bundle of clothes to be washed on the stones in the flowing stream.
Who acts: Russell, roadside · What happens: be off, speak, gather, wash, flow · To what, where: long drive, river bank, stones · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Nellie N. Russell. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Russell, roadside), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 4 been | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 been | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 been | aux |
| 4 | been | be | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | off | off | ADP | _ | 4 been | compound:prt |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 drive | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 drive | det |
| 8 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 drive | amod |
| 9 | drive | drive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 been | obl |
| 10 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 roads | case |
| 11 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 roads | amod |
| 12 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 drive | nmod |
| 13 | during | during | ADP | _ | 15 day | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 day | det |
| 15 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 roads | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 spoken | punct |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 spoken | aux |
| 18 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 drive | acl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 crowd | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 crowd | det |
| 21 | restless | restless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 crowd | amod |
| 22 | crowd | crowd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 spoken | obl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 court | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 court | det |
| 25 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 crowd | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 roadside | punct |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 roadside | cc |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 roadside | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 roadside | det |
| 30 | roadside | roadside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 crowd | conj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 group | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 group | det |
| 33 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 roadside | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 women | case |
| 35 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 group | nmod |
| 36 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 roadside | acl |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 40 bank | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 bank | det |
| 39 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bank | compound |
| 40 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 gathered | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 bundle | punct |
| 42 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 bundle | det |
| 43 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 bundle | case |
| 44 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 bundle | nmod:poss |
| 45 | bundle | bundle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 crowd | conj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 clothes | case |
| 47 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 45 bundle | nmod |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 50 washed | mark |
| 49 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 50 washed | aux:pass |
| 50 | washed | wash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 bundle | acl |
| 51 | on | on | ADP | _ | 53 stones | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 stones | det |
| 53 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 washed | obl |
| 54 | in | in | ADP | _ | 57 stream | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 stream | det |
| 56 | flowing | flow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 57 stream | amod |
| 57 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 washed | obl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 been | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be off | past · perfect | Russell | for a long drive over bad roads during the day; perhaps property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | past · perfect | a long drive over bad roads during the day not said here | to a restless crowd in a court or the roadside to a group of women and Russell's bundle of clothes | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to crowd=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | gather | past | the roadside to a group of women not said here | the river bank | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | wash | to-infinitive · passive | the stones | in the flowing stream | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V» | ||||
| 5 | flow | gerund | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/3/105/