Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work, sentence 44
The wealthy, aristocratic sisters, whose brother, drawn away by the skilful efforts of some European gambler, was gradually losing all their property; the ardent Confucian lady teacher, who was using her property for the establishment of a school for girls, and who so longed to bring to Chinese and Manchu women the teaching of Confucius to make them forceful in their lives; the high official’s wife, who would learn from her how best to work to banish polygamy; the princess who in Mongolia would establish a school for Mongol girls; or the wives and sisters of high officials who would open schools or work against the evils of the cigarette or of opium.
Who acts: wealthy aristocratic sisters, ardent Confucian lady teacher, wife, princess, high officials · What happens: draw away, lose, use, long, bring, make · To what, where: brother, property, wife, women, Chinese, sisters · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Miss Nellie N. Russell’s Unique Work. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wealthy aristocratic sisters, ardent Confucian lady teacher, wife, princess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sisters | det |
| 2 | wealthy | wealthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sisters | amod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 wealthy | punct |
| 4 | aristocratic | aristocratic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sisters | amod |
| 5 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 losing | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 brother | punct |
| 7 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 8 brother | nmod:poss |
| 8 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sisters | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 drawn | punct |
| 10 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 brother | acl |
| 11 | away | away | ADV | _ | 10 drawn | advmod |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 efforts | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 efforts | det |
| 14 | skilful | skilful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 efforts | amod |
| 15 | efforts | effort | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 drawn | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 gambler | case |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 gambler | det |
| 18 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 gambler | amod |
| 19 | gambler | gambler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 efforts | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 sisters | punct |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 losing | aux |
| 22 | gradually | gradually | ADV | _ | 23 losing | advmod |
| 23 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 property | det:predet |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 property | nmod:poss |
| 26 | property | property | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 losing | obj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 teacher | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 teacher | det |
| 29 | ardent | ardent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 teacher | amod |
| 30 | Confucian | Confucian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 teacher | compound |
| 31 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 teacher | compound |
| 32 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 losing | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 using | punct |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 using | nsubj |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 using | aux |
| 36 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 teacher | acl:relcl |
| 37 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 property | nmod:poss |
| 38 | property | property | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 using | obj |
| 39 | for | for | ADP | _ | 41 establishment | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 establishment | det |
| 41 | establishment | establishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 using | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 school | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 school | det |
| 44 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 establishment | nmod |
| 45 | for | for | ADP | _ | 46 girls | case |
| 46 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 school | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 longed | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 longed | cc |
| 49 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 51 longed | nsubj |
| 50 | so | so | ADV | _ | 51 longed | advmod |
| 51 | longed | long | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 losing | conj |
| 52 | to | to | PART | _ | 53 bring | mark |
| 53 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 longed | xcomp |
| 54 | to | to | ADP | _ | 55 Chinese | case |
| 55 | Chinese | Chinese | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 bring | obl |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 Manchu | cc |
| 57 | Manchu | Manchu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Chinese | conj |
| 58 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 bring | obj |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 teaching | det |
| 60 | teaching | teaching | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 bring | obj |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 Confucius | case |
| 62 | Confucius | Confucius | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 teaching | nmod |
| 63 | to | to | PART | _ | 64 make | mark |
| 64 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 bring | advcl |
| 65 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 make | obj |
| 66 | forceful | forceful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 make | xcomp |
| 67 | in | in | ADP | _ | 69 lives | case |
| 68 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 69 lives | nmod:poss |
| 69 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 forceful | obl |
| 70 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 75 wife | punct |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 official | det |
| 72 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 official | amod |
| 73 | official | official | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 wife | nmod:poss |
| 74 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 73 official | case |
| 75 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 longed | obl |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 learn | punct |
| 77 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 79 learn | nsubj |
| 78 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 79 learn | aux |
| 79 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 75 wife | parataxis |
| 80 | from | from | ADP | _ | 81 her | case |
| 81 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 79 learn | obl |
| 82 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 83 best | advmod |
| 83 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 79 learn | ccomp |
| 84 | to | to | PART | _ | 85 work | mark |
| 85 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 83 best | csubj |
| 86 | to | to | PART | _ | 87 banish | mark |
| 87 | banish | banish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 85 work | xcomp |
| 88 | polygamy | polygamy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 87 banish | obj |
| 89 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 91 princess | punct |
| 90 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 91 princess | det |
| 91 | princess | princess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 wife | conj |
| 92 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 96 establish | nsubj |
| 93 | in | in | ADP | _ | 94 Mongolia | case |
| 94 | Mongolia | Mongolia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 96 establish | obl |
| 95 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 96 establish | aux |
| 96 | establish | establish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 91 princess | acl:relcl |
| 97 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 98 school | det |
| 98 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 96 establish | obj |
| 99 | for | for | ADP | _ | 101 girls | case |
| 100 | Mongol | mongol | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 101 girls | amod |
| 101 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 96 establish | obl |
| 102 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 105 wives | punct |
| 103 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 105 wives | cc |
| 104 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 105 wives | det |
| 105 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 96 establish | obl |
| 106 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 107 sisters | cc |
| 107 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 105 wives | conj |
| 108 | of | of | ADP | _ | 110 officials | case |
| 109 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 110 officials | amod |
| 110 | officials | official | NOUN | Number=Plur | 105 wives | nmod |
| 111 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 113 open | nsubj |
| 112 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 113 open | aux |
| 113 | open | open | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 110 officials | acl:relcl |
| 114 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 113 open | obj |
| 115 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 116 work | cc |
| 116 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 114 schools | conj |
| 117 | against | against | ADP | _ | 119 evils | case |
| 118 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 119 evils | det |
| 119 | evils | evil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 116 work | nmod |
| 120 | of | of | ADP | _ | 122 cigarette | case |
| 121 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 122 cigarette | det |
| 122 | cigarette | cigarette | NOUN | Number=Sing | 119 evils | nmod |
| 123 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 125 opium | cc |
| 124 | of | of | ADP | _ | 125 opium | case |
| 125 | opium | opium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 122 cigarette | conj |
| 126 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 losing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw away | participle | the wealthy aristocratic sisters and the wealthy aristocratic sisters and brother's brother's brother not said here | by the skilful efforts of some European gambler; away property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | lose | past · progressive | the wealthy aristocratic sisters and the wealthy aristocratic sisters and the wealthy aristocratic sisters's brother's brother | sisters's property | the ardent Confucian lady teacher obl; gradually property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | use | past · progressive | the ardent Confucian lady teacher | Miss's property | for the establishment of a school for girls | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent property=Theme for establishment=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | long | past | the high official's wife and the princess | who nsubj | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | bring not said to happen | to-infinitive | women | Chinese and Manchu | the teaching of Confucius obj | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent woman=Destination teaching=Theme | |||
| 6 | make | to-infinitive | sisters = sister | forceful property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | ||||
| 7 | learn | would | the high official's wife and the princess | from Miss | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from she=Source | ||||
| 8 | work | to-infinitive | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 9 | banish | to-infinitive | polygamy | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent polygamy=Theme | |||||
| 10 | establish | would | the princess | a school | Mongolia | for Mongol girls; the wives of high officials and sisters obl | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent school=Patient | ||
| 11 | open | would | high officials | schools or work against the evils of the cigarette or opium | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location school=Theme | ||||
| 12 | establish | a school for girls | nom establishment «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 13 | teach | Confucius | nom teaching «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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