Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Daughter of the Orient, sentence 36
The Emperor then called his ministers and commanded them to have it published abroad that from that day the punishment of cutting off the hands and feet of criminals was to be done away with forever.
Who acts: Emperor, position, punishment · What happens: call, command, have, publish, cut off, do away · To what, where: ministers, position, hands, punishment · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Daughter of the Orient. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emperor, position, punishment), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Emperor | det |
| 2 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 called | nsubj |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 called | advmod |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 ministers | nmod:poss |
| 6 | ministers | minister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 called | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 commanded | cc |
| 8 | commanded | command | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 called | conj |
| 9 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 commanded | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 have | mark |
| 11 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 commanded | xcomp |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 have | obj |
| 13 | published | publish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 have | xcomp |
| 14 | abroad | abroad | ADV | _ | 13 published | advmod |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 have | obj |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 day | case |
| 17 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 day | det |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 have | obl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 punishment | det |
| 20 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 done | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 22 cutting | mark |
| 22 | cutting | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 punishment | acl |
| 23 | off | off | ADP | _ | 22 cutting | compound:prt |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 hands | det |
| 25 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 cutting | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 feet | cc |
| 27 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 hands | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 criminals | case |
| 29 | criminals | criminal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 feet | nmod |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 done | aux:pass |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 done | mark |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 done | aux:pass |
| 33 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 day | acl:relcl |
| 34 | away | away | ADV | _ | 33 done | advmod |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 forever | case |
| 36 | forever | forever | ADV | _ | 33 done | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | the Emperor | Emperor's ministers | then | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent minister=Recipient | |||
| 2 | command | past | the Emperor not said here | ministers = minister | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | have not said to happen | to-infinitive | the Emperor not said here | position | day | that obj | tree rules | ||
| 4 | publish | participle | position not said here | abroad property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | cut off | gerund | the punishment not said here | the hands and feet of criminals | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector hand=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | do away | past · passive | the Emperor not said here | the punishment | away property | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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