Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Daughter of the Orient, sentence 5
“Alas! alas!” said he; “how bitter is my lot!
Who acts: alas · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Daughter of the Orient. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (alas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | Alas | alas | INTJ | _ | 4 alas | discourse |
| 3 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 Alas | punct |
| 4 | alas | ala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 said | nsubj |
| 5 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 alas | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 alas | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 bitter | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 bitter | punct |
| 11 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 bitter | advmod |
| 12 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 said | ccomp |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 bitter | cop |
| 14 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 lot | nmod:poss |
| 15 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bitter | conj |
| 16 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: express | past | alas | Mr. nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | my lot conj; bitter property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/7/5/