Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow, sentence 19
You also know the saying of the Ancients, ‘If you stand on a mountain and talk to the people in the valley they cannot hear you,’” and the wild goose took another drink.
Who acts: You, people, wild goose · What happens: know, stand, talk, not hear, take, say · To what, where: saying, mountain, valley, you, drink, Ancients · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, people, wild goose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 know | nsubj |
| 2 | also | also | ADV | _ | 3 know | advmod |
| 3 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 saying | det |
| 5 | saying | saying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 know | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Ancients | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Ancients | det |
| 8 | Ancients | ancient | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 saying | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 stand | punct |
| 10 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 13 stand | punct |
| 11 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 13 stand | mark |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 stand | nsubj |
| 13 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 know | ccomp |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 mountain | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 mountain | det |
| 16 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stand | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 talk | cc |
| 18 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 stand | conj |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 people | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 people | det |
| 21 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 talk | obl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 valley | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 valley | det |
| 24 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 talk | obl |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 hear | nsubj |
| 26 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 hear | aux |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 hear | advmod |
| 28 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 valley | acl:relcl |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 hear | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 ’ | punct |
| 31 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 13 stand | punct |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 know | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 took | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 goose | det |
| 35 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 goose | amod |
| 36 | goose | goose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 took | nsubj |
| 37 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 know | conj |
| 38 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 39 drink | det |
| 39 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 took | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | You | the saying of the Ancients | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stand a condition, not said to happen | present | you | a mountain | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on mountain=Location | ||||
| 3 | talk | infinitive | you not said here | the valley | to the people | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to people=Co-Agent | |||
| 4 | not hear | can | people | you | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | take in a quote | past | the wild goose | another drink | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme | ||||
| 6 | say | the Ancients | nom saying «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/8/19/