Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow, sentence 50
Kung Yeh Chang exclaimed as he looked at her and then at the goose away in the distance, “Ai ya [sad, sad], most of mankind are like the sparrow, but the truly superior man will be like the wild goose and follow the rules of the Three Bonds and Five Virtues.”
Who acts: Kung Yeh, Yeh, most, superior man, Three Bonds · What happens: exclaim, look, be, follow, rule · To what, where: rules · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kung Yeh, Yeh, most, superior man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kung | kung | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Yeh | compound |
| 2 | Yeh | Yeh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 exclaimed | nsubj |
| 3 | Chang | Chang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Yeh | flat |
| 4 | exclaimed | exclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 looked | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 looked | nsubj |
| 7 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 exclaimed | ccomp |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 her | case |
| 9 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 looked | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 goose | cc |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 goose | advmod |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 goose | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 goose | det |
| 14 | goose | goose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 looked | conj |
| 15 | away | away | ADV | _ | 14 goose | advmod |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 distance | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 distance | det |
| 18 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 goose | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 sad | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 sad | punct |
| 21 | Ai | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sad | nsubj |
| 22 | ya | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 sad | nsubj |
| 23 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 26 sad | punct |
| 24 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 sad | amod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sad | punct |
| 26 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 exclaimed | parataxis |
| 27 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 26 sad | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 sparrow | punct |
| 29 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 sparrow | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 mankind | case |
| 31 | mankind | mankind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 most | nmod |
| 32 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 sparrow | cop |
| 33 | like | like | ADP | _ | 35 sparrow | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 sparrow | det |
| 35 | sparrow | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 exclaimed | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 goose | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 47 goose | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 man | det |
| 39 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 40 superior | advmod |
| 40 | superior | superior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 man | amod |
| 41 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 goose | nsubj |
| 42 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 47 goose | aux |
| 43 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 47 goose | cop |
| 44 | like | like | ADP | _ | 47 goose | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 goose | det |
| 46 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 goose | amod |
| 47 | goose | goose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 exclaimed | parataxis |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 follow | cc |
| 49 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 goose | conj |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 rules | det |
| 51 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 follow | obj |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 Bonds | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 Bonds | det |
| 54 | Three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 55 Bonds | nummod |
| 55 | Bonds | bond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 rules | nmod |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 Virtues | cc |
| 57 | Five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 58 Virtues | nummod |
| 58 | Virtues | virtue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 Bonds | conj |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 49 follow | punct |
| 60 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 goose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exclaim speech: express | past | Kung Yeh | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | look | past | Yeh | at proverb; the goose in the distance conj | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at she=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | most of mankind | like the sparrow | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | future | the superior man | like the wild goose | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | follow in a quote | infinitive | the superior man not said here | the rules of the Three Bonds and Five Virtues | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme | ||||
| 6 | rule in a quote | the Three Bonds and Five Virtues | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/8/50/