Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 102
The kite has come to be, in Western lands, merely an amusement, but in China, where it was probably invented, it ever carries with the sport the message, “Strength of mind is greater than strength of body.”
Who acts: kite, Strength · What happens: come, be, invent, carry · To what, where: Western lands, kite, China, message
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kite, Strength), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 kite | det |
| 2 | kite | kite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 come | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | aux |
| 4 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 be | mark |
| 6 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 come | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 lands | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 lands | case |
| 9 | Western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 lands | amod |
| 10 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 come | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 amusement | punct |
| 12 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 14 amusement | advmod |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 amusement | det |
| 14 | amusement | amusement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lands | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 invented | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 invented | cc |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 China | case |
| 18 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 invented | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 invented | punct |
| 20 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 24 invented | advmod |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 invented | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 invented | aux:pass |
| 23 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 24 invented | advmod |
| 24 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 come | parataxis |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 carries | punct |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 carries | nsubj |
| 27 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 28 carries | advmod |
| 28 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 invented | conj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 sport | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 sport | det |
| 31 | sport | sport | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 carries | obl |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 message | det |
| 33 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 carries | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Strength | punct |
| 35 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 Strength | punct |
| 36 | Strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 greater | nsubj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 mind | case |
| 38 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 Strength | nmod |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 greater | cop |
| 40 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 28 carries | xcomp |
| 41 | than | than | ADP | _ | 42 strength | case |
| 42 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 greater | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 body | case |
| 44 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 strength | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 come | punct |
| 46 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present · perfect | the kite | Western lands and a amusement | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | to-infinitive | the kite not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | invent | past · passive | kite | China | probably property | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result | |||
| 4 | carry | present | kite | the message | ever | with the sport | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme | ||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | Strength of mind | than strength of body; great property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/102/