Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 16
He was not strong enough to draw her out, and no one was near, so he found a stone and beat with all his strength on the barrel until he made a hole in it near the bottom, and the water running out, the life of the woman was saved.
Who acts: Han, one, water · What happens: not be, draw out, be, find, make, run out · To what, where: woman, stone, hole, barrel, water
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, one, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 strong | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 strong | cop |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 strong | advmod |
| 4 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 4 strong | advmod |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 draw | mark |
| 7 | draw | draw | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 strong | advcl |
| 8 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 draw | obj |
| 9 | out | out | ADP | _ | 7 draw | compound:prt |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 near | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 near | cc |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 one | det |
| 13 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 near | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 near | cop |
| 15 | near | near | ADV | _ | 4 strong | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 found | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 found | advmod |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 found | nsubj |
| 19 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 strong | parataxis |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 stone | det |
| 21 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 found | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 beat | cc |
| 23 | beat | beat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 stone | conj |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 strength | case |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 strength | det:predet |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 strength | nmod:poss |
| 27 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 stone | nmod |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 barrel | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 barrel | det |
| 30 | barrel | barrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 strength | nmod |
| 31 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 33 made | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 made | nsubj |
| 33 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 found | advcl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 hole | det |
| 35 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 made | obj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 it | case |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 hole | nmod |
| 38 | near | near | ADP | _ | 40 bottom | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 bottom | det |
| 40 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 hole | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 saved | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 saved | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 water | det |
| 44 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 saved | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 water | acl |
| 46 | out | out | ADP | _ | 45 running | compound:prt |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 life | punct |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 life | det |
| 49 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 water | conj |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 woman | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 woman | det |
| 52 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 life | nmod |
| 53 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 saved | aux:pass |
| 54 | saved | save | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 strong | conj |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 strong | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | past | Han | enough, strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | draw out | to-infinitive | Han not said here | woman | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | past | no one | near property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | find | past | Han | a stone and beat | with Han's strength on the barrel | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Topic | |||
| 5 | make | past | Han | a hole | barrel | near the bottom | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Product | ||
| 6 | run out | gerund | the water and the life of the woman not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | save | past · passive | the water and the life of the woman | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/16/