Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 39
Now when Han Hsin, in bitterness of heart, was driven from the court he took the road leading to the mountains, and was part way up when, chancing to look back, he saw the mounted band coming.
Who acts: Han, road, mounted band · What happens: drive, take, lead, be, chance, look back · To what, where: Han, court, road, part way, mounted band
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, road, mounted band), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 took | advmod |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 12 driven | mark |
| 3 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 driven | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Han | flat |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 bitterness | punct |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 bitterness | case |
| 7 | bitterness | bitterness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Han | appos |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 heart | case |
| 9 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bitterness | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Han | punct |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 driven | aux:pass |
| 12 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 took | advcl |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 court | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 court | det |
| 15 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 driven | obl |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 took | nsubj |
| 17 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 road | det |
| 19 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 took | obj |
| 20 | leading | lead | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 road | acl |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 mountains | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 mountains | det |
| 23 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 leading | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 way | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 way | cc |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 way | cop |
| 27 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 way | compound |
| 28 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 took | obl |
| 29 | up | up | ADV | _ | 28 way | advmod |
| 30 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 way | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 chancing | punct |
| 32 | chancing | chance | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 took | advcl |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 look | mark |
| 34 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 chancing | xcomp |
| 35 | back | back | ADV | _ | 34 look | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 saw | punct |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 saw | nsubj |
| 38 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 took | conj |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 band | det |
| 40 | mounted | mount | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 band | amod |
| 41 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 saw | obj |
| 42 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 saw | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive | past · passive | Han | the court | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme from court=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | take | past | Han | the road | now | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Theme | |||
| 3 | lead | gerund | the road not said here | to the mountains | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to mountain=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | part way | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | chance | gerund | Han not said here | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | look back | to-infinitive | Han not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | see | past | Han | the mounted band | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | mount | participle | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 9 | come | gerund | the mounted band not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/39/