Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 41
He knew that he could not escape, so he stretched himself out on the side of the hill with his feet toward the top and his head toward the bottom of the hill, and pretended that he was asleep.
Who acts: Han · What happens: know, not escape, stretch out, pretend, be · To what, where: Han, side
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 escape | mark |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 escape | nsubj |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 escape | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 escape | advmod |
| 7 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 knew | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 stretched | punct |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 stretched | advmod |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 stretched | nsubj |
| 11 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 knew | conj |
| 12 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 11 stretched | obj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 stretched | compound:prt |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 side | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 side | det |
| 16 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stretched | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 hill | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 hill | det |
| 19 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 side | nmod |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 feet | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 feet | nmod:poss |
| 22 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 stretched | obl |
| 23 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 25 top | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 top | det |
| 25 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stretched | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 head | cc |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 head | nmod:poss |
| 28 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 top | conj |
| 29 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 31 bottom | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 bottom | det |
| 31 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stretched | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 hill | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 hill | det |
| 34 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 bottom | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 pretended | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 pretended | cc |
| 37 | pretended | pretend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 knew | conj |
| 38 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 asleep | mark |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 asleep | nsubj |
| 40 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 asleep | cop |
| 41 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 pretended | ccomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Han | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | not escape | could | Han | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | stretch out | past | Han | Han | the side of the hill | with Han's feet; toward the top and Han's head; toward the bottom of the hill | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent himself=Patient with foot=Instrument | ||
| 4 | pretend | past | Han not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | is | past | Han | asleep property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/41/