Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 43
When the teachers heard of the outcome of the pursuit of Han Hsin they were troubled and said, “It is craft and not stupidity—go back again, overtake him and kill him.”
Who acts: teachers, pursuit · What happens: hear, be, say, go back, overtake, kill · To what, where: Han Hsin, craft, Hsin · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teachers, pursuit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 teachers | det |
| 3 | teachers | teacher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 outcome | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 outcome | det |
| 7 | outcome | outcome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 pursuit | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 pursuit | det |
| 10 | pursuit | pursuit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 outcome | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Hsin | case |
| 12 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Hsin | compound |
| 13 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 pursuit | nmod |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 troubled | nsubj |
| 15 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 troubled | cop |
| 16 | troubled | troubled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 Hsin | acl:relcl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 said | cc |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 craft | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 craft | punct |
| 21 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 craft | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 craft | cop |
| 23 | craft | craft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 said | ccomp |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 stupidity | cc |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 stupidity | advmod |
| 26 | stupidity | stupidity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 craft | conj |
| 27 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 go | punct |
| 28 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | ccomp |
| 29 | back | back | ADV | _ | 28 go | advmod |
| 30 | again | again | ADV | _ | 28 go | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 overtake | punct |
| 32 | overtake | overtake | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 go | conj |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 overtake | obj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 kill | cc |
| 35 | kill | kill | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 32 overtake | conj |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 kill | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 go | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 go | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the teachers | of the outcome of the pursuit of Han Hsin | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past | teachers = teacher | Han Hsin not said here | troubled property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the teachers not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | pursuit | craft and stupidity | stupidity conj | tree rules | |||
| 5 | go back in a quote | infinitive | again | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | overtake in a quote | infinitive | Hsin | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | kill in a quote | infinitive | Hsin | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||||
| 8 | pursue | Han Hsin | nom pursuit «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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