Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 57
One time, when engaged in war with the Kingdom of Chao, he drove the enemy to the bank of a river, but they got over in their own boats and destroyed them on the other side.
Who acts: Han, kingdoms · What happens: engage, drive, get over, destroy · To what, where: war, enemy, bank, own boats, kingdoms, other side
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, kingdoms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 time | nummod |
| 2 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drove | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 engaged | punct |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 engaged | advmod |
| 5 | engaged | engage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 time | acl:relcl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 war | case |
| 7 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 engaged | obl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 Kingdom | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Kingdom | det |
| 10 | Kingdom | Kingdom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 war | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Chao | case |
| 12 | Chao | Chao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Kingdom | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 time | punct |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 drove | nsubj |
| 15 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 enemy | det |
| 17 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drove | obj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 bank | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 bank | det |
| 20 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 enemy | nmod |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 river | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 river | det |
| 23 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bank | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 got | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 got | cc |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 got | nsubj |
| 27 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 drove | parataxis |
| 28 | over | over | ADV | _ | 27 got | advmod |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 boats | case |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 boats | nmod:poss |
| 31 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 boats | amod |
| 32 | boats | boat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 got | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 destroyed | cc |
| 34 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 got | conj |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 destroyed | obj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 side | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 side | det |
| 38 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 side | amod |
| 39 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 destroyed | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 drove | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | engage | participle | in war with the Kingdom of Chao goal | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in war=Goal | |||||
| 2 | drive | past | Han | the enemy | the bank of a river | time | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme to bank=Trajectory | ||
| 3 | get over | past | kingdoms = kingdom | kingdoms's own boats | over property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | destroy | past | kingdoms = kingdom not said here | kingdoms = kingdom | the other side | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/57/