Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 66
At another time, when fighting with the great Chin Pa, of the Kingdom of Chin, the latter shut up all but one of the roads over the mountains and awaited Han Hsin in ambuscade in a very narrow place, the only one where it seemed possible for him to get over the mountains.
Who acts: it · What happens: fight, shut up, await, seem, get · To what, where: great Chin Pa, Han Hsin, ambuscade, mountains
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fighting | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 time | punct |
| 5 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 6 fighting | mark |
| 6 | fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 Pa | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Pa | det |
| 9 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Pa | amod |
| 10 | Chin | Chin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Pa | compound |
| 11 | Pa | Pa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 fighting | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Kingdom | punct |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Kingdom | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Kingdom | det |
| 15 | Kingdom | Kingdom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Pa | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Chin | case |
| 17 | Chin | Chin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Kingdom | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 shut | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 shut | det |
| 20 | latter | latter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 shut | amod |
| 21 | shut | shut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 Pa | acl |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 shut | compound:prt |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 one | nsubj |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 one | cc |
| 25 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 shut | parataxis |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 roads | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 roads | det |
| 28 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 one | nmod |
| 29 | over | over | ADP | _ | 31 mountains | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 mountains | det |
| 31 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 roads | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 awaited | cc |
| 33 | awaited | await | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 one | conj |
| 34 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Hsin | compound |
| 35 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 awaited | obj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 ambuscade | case |
| 37 | ambuscade | ambuscade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 awaited | obl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 place | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 place | det |
| 40 | very | very | ADV | _ | 41 narrow | advmod |
| 41 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 place | amod |
| 42 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 awaited | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 one | punct |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 one | det |
| 45 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 one | amod |
| 46 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 place | appos |
| 47 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 49 seemed | advmod |
| 48 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 seemed | nsubj |
| 49 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 one | acl:relcl |
| 50 | possible | possible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 seemed | xcomp |
| 51 | for | for | ADP | _ | 52 him | case |
| 52 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 seemed | obl |
| 53 | to | to | PART | _ | 54 get | mark |
| 54 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 49 seemed | advcl |
| 55 | over | over | ADP | _ | 57 mountains | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 mountains | det |
| 57 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 get | obl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 fighting | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | gerund | time | with the great Chin Pa and the Kingdom of Chin | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with pa=Co-Agent | ||||
| 2 | shut up | participle | the great Chin Pa and the Kingdom of Chin not said here | one of the roads over the mountains parataxis | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | await | past | Han Hsin | ambuscade | in a narrow place | tree rules | |||
| 4 | seem | past | it | for Hsin; possible property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | get | to-infinitive | the mountains | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over mountain=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/66/