Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 79
At last Chang Lang came one night to the tent of Han Hsin and said, “I have found a way, and, as there is a fine wind and it is on the eve of a battle, I will try my new scheme.”
Who acts: last Chang, fine wind, wind, my · What happens: come, say, find, be, try, scheme · To what, where: tent, way, eve, new scheme · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last Chang, fine wind, wind, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 Chang | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Chang | amod |
| 3 | Chang | Chang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 came | nsubj |
| 4 | Lang | Lang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Chang | flat |
| 5 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 night | nummod |
| 7 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 tent | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 tent | det |
| 10 | tent | tent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Han | case |
| 12 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 tent | nmod |
| 13 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Han | flat |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 said | cc |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 came | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 found | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 found | punct |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 found | nsubj |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 found | aux |
| 20 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 said | parataxis |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 way | det |
| 22 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 found | obl:unmarked |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 try | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 try | cc |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 and | punct |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 28 is | mark |
| 27 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 28 is | expl |
| 28 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 try | advcl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 wind | det |
| 30 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 wind | amod |
| 31 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 is | nsubj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 eve | cc |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 eve | nsubj |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 eve | cop |
| 35 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 eve | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 eve | det |
| 37 | eve | eve | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 is | conj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 battle | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 battle | det |
| 40 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 eve | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 is | punct |
| 42 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 44 try | nsubj |
| 43 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 try | aux |
| 44 | try | try | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 found | conj |
| 45 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 scheme | nmod:poss |
| 46 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 scheme | amod |
| 47 | scheme | scheme | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 try | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
| 49 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | last Chang | the tent of Han | night | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to tent=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | last Chang not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | find in a quote | present · perfect | last Chang = chang | a way | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | be in a quote | present | a fine wind | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | wind | the eve | of a battle | tree rules | |||
| 6 | try in a quote | future | last Chang = chang | my new scheme | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scheme=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | scheme in a quote | my | nom scheme «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/79/