Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 81
All these years Han Hsin had remembered how Chin Pa had laughed at his small stature, but he was that night to show him that, though small, he was formidable as an enemy.
Who acts: Han, small stature · What happens: remember, laugh, be, show · To what, where: Chin Pa, night, that, Han
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, small stature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 years | det:predet |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 years | det |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 remembered | obl |
| 4 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 remembered | nsubj |
| 5 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Han | flat |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 remembered | aux |
| 7 | remembered | remember | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 laughed | advmod |
| 9 | Chin | Chin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Pa | compound |
| 10 | Pa | Pa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 laughed | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 laughed | aux |
| 12 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 remembered | parataxis |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 stature | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 stature | nmod:poss |
| 15 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 stature | amod |
| 16 | stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 laughed | obl:agent |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 night | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 night | cc |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 night | nsubj |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 night | cop |
| 21 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 night | det |
| 22 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 remembered | obl |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 show | mark |
| 24 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 remembered | advcl |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 show | iobj |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 show | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 formidable | punct |
| 28 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 29 small | mark |
| 29 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 formidable | advcl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 small | punct |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 formidable | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 formidable | cop |
| 33 | formidable | formidable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 remembered | parataxis |
| 34 | as | as | ADP | _ | 36 enemy | case |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 enemy | det |
| 36 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 formidable | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 remembered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remember | past · perfect | Han | year | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | laugh | past · perfect · passive | Han's small stature | Chin Pa | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | Han | that night | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | show | to-infinitive | Han not said here | that | Han | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient that=Topic | |||
| 5 | is | past | Han | as a enemy; formidable property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/81/