Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Opening, sentence 14
As he had to exalt this hero, he could hardly help depreciating the king.
Who acts: writer · What happens: have, exalt, help, depreciate · To what, where: hero, king
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (writer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 had | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 help | advcl |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 exalt | mark |
| 5 | exalt | exalt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 hero | det |
| 7 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 exalt | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 help | nsubj |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 help | aux |
| 11 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 12 help | advmod |
| 12 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 13 | depreciating | depreciate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 help | xcomp |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 king | det |
| 15 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 depreciating | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 help | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | writer | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | exalt | to-infinitive | writer not said here | this hero | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hero=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | help | could | writer | hardly property | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | depreciate | gerund | writer not said here | the king | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient king=Extent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/1/14/