Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Opening, sentence 32
The stories of which I have made use are "The Four Sons of Aymon" (i.-xi.); "Ralph the Collier" (xii.-xiii.), a genuinely English production, it would seem, as no French original has been found; "Fierabras," taken from the "Lyf of Charles the Grete" (xiv.-xxiv.); "The Song of Roland" (xxv.-xxxv.), and "Duke Huon of Bordeaux" (xxxvi.-xl.).
Who acts: I, stories, it · What happens: make, be, seem, find, take · To what, where: use, xii, French original, Fierabras, Lyf
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, stories, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stories | det |
| 2 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 xii | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 which | case |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 made | obl |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 made | nsubj |
| 6 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 made | aux |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 stories | acl:relcl |
| 8 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | xcomp |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 xii | cop |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 xii | punct |
| 11 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Sons | det |
| 12 | Four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 Sons | nummod |
| 13 | Sons | Son | PROPN | Number=Plur | 30 xii | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Aymon | case |
| 15 | Aymon | Aymon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Sons | nmod |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Aymon | punct |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 xi | punct |
| 18 | i. | i. | X | Foreign=Yes | 20 xi | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 xi | punct |
| 20 | xi | xi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Aymon | appos |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 xi | punct |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 xi | punct |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 Ralph | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 Ralph | punct |
| 25 | Ralph | Ralph | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Sons | appos |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Collier | det |
| 27 | Collier | Collier | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Ralph | appos |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 Ralph | punct |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 xii | punct |
| 30 | xii | xii | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 xiii | punct |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 xiii | punct |
| 33 | xiii | xiii | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 xii | appos |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 xiii | punct |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 33 xiii | punct |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 production | punct |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 production | det |
| 38 | genuinely | genuinely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 production | amod |
| 39 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 production | compound |
| 40 | production | production | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 xii | conj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 seem | punct |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 seem | nsubj |
| 43 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 seem | aux |
| 44 | seem | seem | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 xii | parataxis |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 found | punct |
| 46 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 52 found | mark |
| 47 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 49 original | det |
| 48 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 original | amod |
| 49 | original | original | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 found | nsubj:pass |
| 50 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 found | aux |
| 51 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 52 found | aux:pass |
| 52 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 seem | parataxis |
| 53 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 55 Fierabras | punct |
| 54 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 55 Fierabras | punct |
| 55 | Fierabras | Fierabras | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 found | obj |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 taken | punct |
| 57 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 taken | punct |
| 58 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 Fierabras | acl |
| 59 | from | from | ADP | _ | 62 Lyf | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 Lyf | det |
| 61 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 62 Lyf | punct |
| 62 | Lyf | Lyf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 taken | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 Charles | case |
| 64 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 Lyf | nmod |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 Grete | det |
| 66 | Grete | Grete | PROPN | Number=Sing | 64 Charles | conj |
| 67 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 66 Grete | punct |
| 68 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 69 xiv | punct |
| 69 | xiv | xiv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 Lyf | appos |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 69 xiv | punct |
| 71 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 72 xxiv | punct |
| 72 | xxiv | xxiv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 xiv | conj |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 69 xiv | punct |
| 74 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 69 xiv | punct |
| 75 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 78 Song | punct |
| 76 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 78 Song | punct |
| 77 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 78 Song | det |
| 78 | Song | Song | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 found | obl |
| 79 | of | of | ADP | _ | 80 Roland | case |
| 80 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 78 Song | nmod |
| 81 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 80 Roland | punct |
| 82 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 83 xxv | punct |
| 83 | xxv | xxv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 80 Roland | appos |
| 84 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 83 xxv | punct |
| 85 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 86 xxxv | punct |
| 86 | xxxv | xxxv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 xxv | conj |
| 87 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 83 xxv | punct |
| 88 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 83 xxv | punct |
| 89 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 101 xl | punct |
| 90 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 101 xl | cc |
| 91 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 93 Huon | punct |
| 92 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 93 Huon | compound |
| 93 | Huon | Huon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 101 xl | compound |
| 94 | of | of | ADP | _ | 95 Bordeaux | case |
| 95 | Bordeaux | Bordeaux | PROPN | Number=Sing | 93 Huon | nmod |
| 96 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 93 Huon | punct |
| 97 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 98 xxxvi | punct |
| 98 | xxxvi | xxxvi | X | Foreign=Yes | 93 Huon | dep |
| 99 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 93 Huon | punct |
| 100 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 101 xl | punct |
| 101 | xl | xl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 found | obl |
| 102 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 52 found | punct |
| 103 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 52 found | punct |
| 104 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 xii | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · perfect | I | use | of the stories | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | is a | present | the stories | xii and a genuinely English production | the Four Sons of Aymon nsubj; xiii appos; a genuinely English production conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | seem | would | it | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | find | present · perfect · passive | no French original | the Song of Roland obl; Huon xl obl; Fierabras obj | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme fierabras=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | take | participle | Fierabras not said here | the Lyf of Charles and the Grete | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from lyf=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/1/32/