Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Mawgis Became a Hermit, sentence 23
Reynaud said to Roland, "Let us light down and fight afoot lest by chance we should kill our horses, for if we lose them we are not like to get their like again."
Who acts: Reynaud, us, we · What happens: say, let, light down, fight, kill, lose · To what, where: Roland, us, horses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Mawgis Became a Hermit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reynaud, us, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 Roland | case |
| 4 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
| 7 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 8 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 Let | obj |
| 9 | light | light | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 Let | xcomp |
| 10 | down | down | ADP | _ | 9 light | compound:prt |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 fight | cc |
| 12 | fight | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 light | conj |
| 13 | afoot | afoot | ADV | _ | 12 fight | advmod |
| 14 | lest | lest | SCONJ | _ | 16 chance | case |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 chance | case |
| 16 | chance | chance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fight | obl |
| 17 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 kill | nsubj |
| 18 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 kill | aux |
| 19 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 chance | acl:relcl |
| 20 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 horses | nmod:poss |
| 21 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 kill | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 like | punct |
| 23 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 31 like | mark |
| 24 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 26 lose | mark |
| 25 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 lose | nsubj |
| 26 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 like | advcl |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 lose | obj |
| 28 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 like | nsubj |
| 29 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 like | cop |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 like | advmod |
| 31 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 light | conj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 get | mark |
| 33 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 like | xcomp |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 like | nmod:poss |
| 35 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 33 get | discourse |
| 36 | again | again | ADV | _ | 33 get | advmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Reynaud | Roland | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to roland=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | light down in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | fight in a quote | present | us not said here | lest chance; afoot property | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | kill in a quote | should | we | our horses | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lose a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | we | horses = horse | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | not is in a quote | present | we | like property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | get not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | we not said here | again | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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