Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Mawgis Became a Hermit, sentence 9
Roland spake the first, and said, "Be sure, Sir Reynaud, that when you leave the field this day, you will so leave it that you will never again fight with me or any other man." "
Who acts: Roland, you · What happens: speak, say, be, leave, fight · To what, where: first, field · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Mawgis Became a Hermit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 spake | nsubj |
| 2 | spake | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 first | det |
| 4 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 2 spake | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 said | cc |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 spake | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 sure | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 sure | punct |
| 10 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 sure | cop |
| 11 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 said | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Sir | punct |
| 13 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 sure | ccomp |
| 14 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Sir | flat |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 leave | punct |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 when | nsubj |
| 17 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 19 leave | advmod |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 leave | nsubj |
| 19 | leave | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 spake | parataxis |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 field | det |
| 21 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 leave | obj |
| 22 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 23 day | det |
| 23 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 leave | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 leave | punct |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 leave | nsubj |
| 26 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 leave | aux |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 leave | advmod |
| 28 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 leave | conj |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 leave | obj |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 fight | mark |
| 31 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 35 fight | nsubj |
| 32 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 fight | aux |
| 33 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 34 again | advmod |
| 34 | again | again | ADV | _ | 35 fight | advmod |
| 35 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 leave | advcl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 me | case |
| 37 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 fight | obl |
| 38 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 41 man | cc |
| 39 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 man | det |
| 40 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 man | amod |
| 41 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 me | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 spake | punct |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 spake | punct |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 spake | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Roland | the first | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Roland not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | infinitive | Sir ccomp; sure property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | leave in a quote | present | you | the field | day | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme | |||
| 5 | leave in a quote | future | you | field | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 6 | fight in a quote | future | you | again; never | with Roland | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with i=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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