Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 117
Then he took his horse, which, indeed, could scarce stand for feebleness, and all the folk that were left in the castle; and they entered the secret way that the old man showed them.
Who acts: Reynaud, horse, things, secret way · What happens: take, stand, leave, enter, show · To what, where: horse, folk, castle, secret way, things
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reynaud, horse, things, secret way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 took | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 horse | nmod:poss |
| 5 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 stand | punct |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 stand | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 which | punct |
| 9 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 13 stand | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 stand | punct |
| 11 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 stand | aux |
| 12 | scarce | scarce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 stand | amod |
| 13 | stand | stand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 horse | appos |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 feebleness | case |
| 15 | feebleness | feebleness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stand | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 folk | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 folk | cc |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 folk | det:predet |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 folk | det |
| 20 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obl |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 left | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 left | aux:pass |
| 23 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 folk | acl:relcl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 castle | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 castle | det |
| 26 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 left | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 entered | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 entered | cc |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 entered | nsubj |
| 30 | entered | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 way | det |
| 32 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 way | amod |
| 33 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 entered | obj |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 showed | nsubj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 man | det |
| 36 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 man | amod |
| 37 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 showed | nsubj |
| 38 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 way | acl:relcl |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 showed | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Reynaud | Reynaud's horse | then | all folk obl | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horse=Destination | ||
| 2 | stand | could | Reynaud's horse | for feebleness; indeed property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | leave | past · passive | all folk | the castle | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in castle=Location | ||||
| 4 | enter | past | things = thing | the secret way | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination | ||||
| 5 | show | past | the secret way | things = thing | the old man nsubj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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