Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 3
The porter said, "Sir Mawgis went out on Bayard; in a little while he came back, having a man of great stature on the horse's neck before him, and went into the castle.
Who acts: porter, Sir · What happens: say, go out, come back, have, go · To what, where: Bayard, man, neck, castle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porter, Sir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 porter | det |
| 2 | porter | porter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
| 6 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 went | nsubj |
| 7 | Mawgis | Mawgis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Sir | flat |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 9 | out | out | ADP | _ | 8 went | compound:prt |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 Bayard | case |
| 11 | Bayard | Bayard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 went | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 little | punct |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 little | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 little | det |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 went | conj |
| 16 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 18 came | mark |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 came | nsubj |
| 18 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 little | advcl |
| 19 | back | back | ADV | _ | 18 came | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 having | punct |
| 21 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 came | advcl |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 man | det |
| 23 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 having | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 stature | case |
| 25 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 stature | amod |
| 26 | stature | stature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 man | nmod |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 neck | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 horse | det |
| 29 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 neck | nmod:poss |
| 30 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 29 horse | case |
| 31 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 having | obl |
| 32 | before | before | ADP | _ | 33 him | case |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 having | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 went | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 went | cc |
| 36 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 37 | into | into | ADP | _ | 39 castle | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 castle | det |
| 39 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 went | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the porter | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | go out in a quote | past | Sir | Bayard | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | come back in a quote | past | porter | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | have in a quote | gerund | porter not said here | a man of great stature | the horse's neck | before porter | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | ||
| 5 | go in a quote | past | the porter not said here | the castle | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into castle=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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