Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 83
The next day the Duke Aymon called his steward and said to him, "Take now the three engines that the King commanded me to make for assailing the castle, and fill them, not with stones, but with flesh, both salt and fresh, and with loaves of bread, and with other victuals, and cause that they discharge these things into the castle."
Who acts: Duke Aymon, King, engines · What happens: call, say, take, command, make, assail · To what, where: steward, Aymon, three engines, castle, engines, things · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Aymon, King, engines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 day | det |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 day | amod |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 called | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Aymon | det |
| 5 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Aymon | compound |
| 6 | Aymon | Aymon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 called | nsubj |
| 7 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 steward | nmod:poss |
| 9 | steward | steward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 called | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 said | cc |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 called | conj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 him | case |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 said | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Take | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 Take | punct |
| 16 | Take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 said | ccomp |
| 17 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 Take | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 engines | det |
| 19 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 engines | nummod |
| 20 | engines | engine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 Take | obj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 commanded | obj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 King | det |
| 23 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 commanded | nsubj |
| 24 | commanded | command | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 engines | acl:relcl |
| 25 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 commanded | obj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 make | mark |
| 27 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 commanded | xcomp |
| 28 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 29 assailing | mark |
| 29 | assailing | assail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 make | advcl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 castle | det |
| 31 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 assailing | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 fill | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 fill | cc |
| 34 | fill | fill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 Take | conj |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 fill | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 stones | punct |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 stones | advmod |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 stones | case |
| 39 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 fill | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 flesh | punct |
| 41 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 43 flesh | cc |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 flesh | case |
| 43 | flesh | flesh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 called | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 salt | punct |
| 45 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 46 salt | cc:preconj |
| 46 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 called | xcomp |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 fresh | cc |
| 48 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 salt | conj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 loaves | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 loaves | cc |
| 51 | with | with | ADP | _ | 52 loaves | case |
| 52 | loaves | loaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 called | xcomp |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 bread | case |
| 54 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 loaves | nmod |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 victuals | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 victuals | cc |
| 57 | with | with | ADP | _ | 59 victuals | case |
| 58 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 victuals | amod |
| 59 | victuals | victual | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 called | obl |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 cause | punct |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 cause | cc |
| 62 | cause | cause | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 called | conj |
| 63 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 65 discharge | mark |
| 64 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 65 discharge | nsubj |
| 65 | discharge | discharge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 62 cause | advcl |
| 66 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 67 things | det |
| 67 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 discharge | obj |
| 68 | into | into | ADP | _ | 70 castle | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 castle | det |
| 70 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 discharge | obl |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 called | punct |
| 72 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | past | the Duke Aymon | Aymon's steward | day | with flesh; with other victuals; salt xcomp; loaves of bread xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent steward=Recipient | ||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Duke Aymon not said here | Aymon | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | take in a quote | infinitive | the three engines | now | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Theme | ||||
| 4 | command in a quote | past | the King | the three engines | me obj | tree rules | |||
| 5 | make not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | the King not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 6 | assail in a quote | gerund | the King not said here | the castle | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Patient | ||||
| 7 | fill in a quote | infinitive | engines = engine | with stones | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with stone=Instrument | ||||
| 8 | cause in a quote | infinitive | the Duke Aymon not said here | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | |||||
| 9 | discharge in a quote | present | engines = engine | this things | the castle | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/11/83/