Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 47
This thing was the cause of no small damage; for Reynaud and his brothers and the knights that were of his side turned upon them that followed and slew many, and took prisoner Richard, Duke of Normandy.
Who acts: thing, knights, Reynaud, that · What happens: be, turn, follow, slay, take · To what, where: cause, many, prisoner Richard
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, knights, Reynaud, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 thing | det |
| 2 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cause | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 cause | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 cause | det |
| 5 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 damage | case |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 9 damage | det |
| 8 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 damage | amod |
| 9 | damage | damage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cause | nmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 Reynaud | punct |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 Reynaud | case |
| 12 | Reynaud | Reynaud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 turned | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 brothers | cc |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 brothers | nmod:poss |
| 15 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 Reynaud | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 knights | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 knights | det |
| 18 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 turned | nsubj |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 side | nsubj |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 side | cop |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 side | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 side | nmod:poss |
| 23 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 knights | acl:relcl |
| 24 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 cause | parataxis |
| 25 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 26 them | case |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 turned | obl |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 followed | nsubj |
| 28 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 turned | parataxis |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 slew | cc |
| 30 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 followed | conj |
| 31 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 slew | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 took | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 took | cc |
| 34 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 turned | conj |
| 35 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 Richard | compound |
| 36 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 took | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Duke | punct |
| 38 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Richard | conj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 Normandy | case |
| 40 | Normandy | Normandy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Duke | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 cause | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | this thing | the cause | of no small damage | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is | past | the knights | of King's side; King nmod:poss | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | turn | past | Reynaud and King's brothers | upon things = thing; the knights nsubj | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme upon they=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | follow | past | that | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | slay | past | that not said here | many | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient | ||||
| 6 | take | past | Reynaud and King's brothers not said here | prisoner Richard and Duke of Normandy | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument richard=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/12/47/