Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Reynaud's End, sentence 21
When he saw that they were each instructed in arms and in all other things that a good knight should know, he bade his steward furnish them with goodly clothing and arms and all other things needful.
Who acts: Montalban, good knight, steward · What happens: see, instruct, know, bade, furnish · To what, where: sons, arms, other things · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Reynaud's End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Montalban, good knight, steward), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 bade | advcl |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 instructed | mark |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 instructed | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 instructed | aux:pass |
| 7 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 instructed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | instructed | instruct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saw | ccomp |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 arms | case |
| 10 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 instructed | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 things | cc |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 things | case |
| 13 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 things | det |
| 14 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 things | amod |
| 15 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 arms | conj |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 know | obj |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 knight | det |
| 18 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 knight | amod |
| 19 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 know | nsubj |
| 20 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 know | aux |
| 21 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 things | acl:relcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 bade | nsubj |
| 24 | bade | bade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 steward | nmod:poss |
| 26 | steward | steward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 furnish | nsubj |
| 27 | furnish | furnish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 bade | ccomp |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 furnish | obj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 clothing | case |
| 30 | goodly | goodly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 clothing | amod |
| 31 | clothing | clothing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 furnish | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 arms | cc |
| 33 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 clothing | conj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 things | cc |
| 35 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 things | det |
| 36 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 things | amod |
| 37 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 arms | conj |
| 38 | needful | needful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 arms | amod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 bade | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Montalban | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | instruct speech: other | past · passive | sons = son | arms and all other things | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | know | should | a good knight | all other things | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | bade | past | Montalban | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | furnish | infinitive | Montalban's steward | sons = son | with goodly clothing and arms and all other things | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Recipient with clothing=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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