Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Reynaud's End, sentence 23
Be courteous," he said, "to all ladies; reverence those above you; be ready to help those that are in need; love your neighbour; so shall you have praise of all men."
Who acts: Montalban, reverence, those, you · What happens: be, say, help, love, have, praise · To what, where: ladies, need, neighbour, praise, men · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Reynaud's End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Montalban, reverence, those, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 2 courteous | cop |
| 2 | courteous | courteous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 said | ccomp |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 courteous | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 courteous | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 ladies | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 ladies | punct |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 ladies | case |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 ladies | det |
| 11 | ladies | lady | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 said | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 ready | punct |
| 13 | reverence | reverence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 ready | nsubj |
| 14 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 19 ready | nsubj |
| 15 | above | above | ADP | _ | 16 you | case |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 those | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 ready | punct |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 ready | cop |
| 19 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 said | ccomp |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 help | mark |
| 21 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 ready | xcomp |
| 22 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 need | nsubj |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 need | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 need | cop |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 need | case |
| 26 | need | need | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 help | ccomp |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 love | punct |
| 28 | love | love | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | parataxis |
| 29 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 30 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 love | obj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 have | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 have | advmod |
| 33 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 have | aux |
| 34 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 35 have | nsubj |
| 35 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 love | conj |
| 36 | praise | praise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 have | obj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 men | case |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 men | det |
| 39 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 praise | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 love | punct |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 love | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | infinitive | courteous property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Montalban | all ladies | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to lady=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is | infinitive | reverence | those above you nsubj; ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | help | to-infinitive | reverence not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | those | need | that nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 6 | love | infinitive | your neighbour | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neighbour=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | have | shall | you | praise of all men | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent praise=Patient | ||||
| 8 | praise | all men | nom praise «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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