Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Entertained the King, sentence 11
I am in sore need of a friend," said the King; "for both my horse and I are ready to perish, the storm is so fierce.
Who acts: I, King, storm · What happens: be, say, perish · To what, where: sore need · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, King, storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 need | nsubj |
| 2 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 need | cop |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 need | case |
| 4 | sore | sore | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 need | amod |
| 5 | need | need | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | ccomp |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 friend | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 friend | det |
| 8 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 need | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 need | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 need | punct |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 King | det |
| 13 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 horse | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 horse | punct |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 horse | case |
| 17 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 horse | det:predet |
| 18 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 horse | nmod:poss |
| 19 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | parataxis |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 ready | cc |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 ready | nsubj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 ready | cop |
| 23 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 horse | conj |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 perish | mark |
| 25 | perish | perish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 ready | xcomp |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 fierce | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 storm | det |
| 28 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 fierce | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 fierce | cop |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 fierce | advmod |
| 31 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 horse | conj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | I | sore need | of a friend | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | the King | my horse parataxis | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is | present | I | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | perish | to-infinitive | I not said here | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | is | present | the storm | fierce property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/14/11/