Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Entertained the King, sentence 5
As he rode in sore plight, not knowing where he might find shelter, he was aware of a churl, who was leading a mare carrying two great panniers. "
Who acts: need, churl, mare · What happens: ride, not know, find, be, lead, carry · To what, where: sore plight, shelter, mare, two great panniers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (need, churl, mare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 rode | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 rode | nsubj |
| 3 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 aware | advcl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 plight | case |
| 5 | sore | sore | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 plight | amod |
| 6 | plight | plight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rode | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 knowing | punct |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 knowing | advmod |
| 9 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 rode | advcl |
| 10 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 find | advmod |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 find | nsubj |
| 12 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 find | aux |
| 13 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 knowing | ccomp |
| 14 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 find | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 rode | punct |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 aware | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 aware | cop |
| 18 | aware | aware | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 churl | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 churl | det |
| 21 | churl | churl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 aware | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 leading | punct |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 leading | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 leading | aux |
| 25 | leading | lead | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 churl | acl |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 mare | det |
| 27 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 leading | obj |
| 28 | carrying | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 mare | acl |
| 29 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 panniers | nummod |
| 30 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 panniers | amod |
| 31 | panniers | pannier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 carrying | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 aware | punct |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 aware | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ride | past | need | sore plight | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | not know | gerund | need not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | find | might | need | shelter | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelter=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is | past | need | of a churl; aware property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | lead | past · progressive | a churl | a mare | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mare=Theme | ||||
| 6 | carry | gerund | a mare not said here | two great panniers | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pannier=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/14/5/