Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Entertained the King, sentence 63
But Charles urged him, saying that the King and Queen would be in Paris to spend Yuletide together, and that there would be much merrymaking, and that without doubt he would sell his fuel to great advantage. "
Who acts: Charles, King, doubt · What happens: urge, say, be, sell · To what, where: Court, much merrymaking, fuel, great advantage · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, King, doubt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 urged | cc |
| 2 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 urged | nsubj |
| 3 | urged | urge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 urged | iobj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 saying | punct |
| 6 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 urged | advcl |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 spend | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 King | det |
| 9 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 spend | nsubj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 Queen | cc |
| 11 | Queen | Queen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 King | conj |
| 12 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 spend | aux |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 spend | cop |
| 14 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 17 spend | mark |
| 15 | Paris | Paris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 spend | nsubj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 spend | mark |
| 17 | spend | spend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 saying | ccomp |
| 18 | Yuletide | Yuletide | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 spend | obj |
| 19 | together | together | ADV | _ | 17 spend | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 merrymaking | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 merrymaking | cc |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 be | mark |
| 23 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 25 be | expl |
| 24 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 be | aux |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 merrymaking | cop |
| 26 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 merrymaking | amod |
| 27 | merrymaking | merrymaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 urged | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 sell | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 sell | cc |
| 30 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 doubt | det |
| 31 | without | without | ADP | _ | 32 doubt | case |
| 32 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 sell | nsubj |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 sell | nsubj |
| 34 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 sell | aux |
| 35 | sell | sell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 urged | ccomp |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 fuel | nmod:poss |
| 37 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 sell | obj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 advantage | case |
| 39 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 advantage | amod |
| 40 | advantage | advantage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 sell | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 sell | punct |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 sell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | urge | past | Charles | Court | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Charles not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is | would | the King and Queen | Paris nsubj; Yuletide obj; spend, together property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is a | infinitive | much merrymaking | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | sell | would | that doubt | Court's fuel | great advantage | Court nsubj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme to advantage=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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