Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Went to Court, sentence 11
For a long time he saw nothing either far or near; but a little past midday he saw the Charcoal-burner come driving his mare before him with two panniers filled with coals.
Who acts: man, little past midday · What happens: see, come, drive, fill · To what, where: nothing, Charcoal burner, mare, two panniers
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Went to Court. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, little past midday), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 3 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 time | amod |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 saw | obl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 6 saw | obj |
| 8 | either | either | ADV | PronType=Ind | 9 far | advmod |
| 9 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 nothing | advmod |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 near | cc |
| 11 | near | near | ADV | _ | 9 far | conj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 come | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 come | cc |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 midday | det |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 midday | amod |
| 16 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 midday | amod |
| 17 | midday | midday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 come | nsubj |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 saw | nsubj |
| 19 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 midday | acl:relcl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 burner | det |
| 21 | Charcoal | Charcoal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 burner | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 Charcoal | punct |
| 23 | burner | burner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saw | obj |
| 24 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 saw | conj |
| 25 | driving | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 come | xcomp |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 mare | nmod:poss |
| 27 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 driving | obj |
| 28 | before | before | ADP | _ | 29 him | case |
| 29 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 driving | obl |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 panniers | case |
| 31 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 panniers | nummod |
| 32 | panniers | pannier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 driving | obl |
| 33 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 panniers | acl |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 coals | case |
| 35 | coals | coal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 filled | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | man | nothing | time | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | see | past | man | the Charcoal burner | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer burner=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | come | present | a little past midday | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | drive | gerund | a little past midday not said here | man's mare | before man | with two panniers | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mare=Theme before he=Destination | ||
| 5 | fill | participle | two panniers not said here | with coals | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with coal=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/15/11/