Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 15
When King Charles heard these threatenings and challenges he said to Richard of Normandy, "Who is this knight that speaks so boldly?"
Who acts: King, Richard, knight · What happens: hear, say, be, speak · To what, where: threatenings, Richard, knight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, Richard, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 King | flat |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | advcl |
| 5 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 6 threatenings | det |
| 6 | threatenings | threatening | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 challenges | cc |
| 8 | challenges | challenge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 threatenings | conj |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 Richard | case |
| 12 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Normandy | case |
| 14 | Normandy | Normandy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Richard | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 knight | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 knight | punct |
| 17 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 knight | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 knight | cop |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 knight | det |
| 20 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Richard | appos |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 speaks | nsubj |
| 22 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 knight | acl:relcl |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 boldly | advmod |
| 24 | boldly | boldly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 speaks | advmod |
| 25 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | King | this threatenings and challenges | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer threatening=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | King | Richard of Normandy | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to richard=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | Richard of Normandy | this knight | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other in a quote | present | this knight | boldly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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